Arecaceas: mapeamento em território indígena Munduruku – Aldeia Ipaupixuna, Santarém-Pará, Brasil.

Abstract

Palm trees are species of the Arecaceae family, have a pantropical distribution, occur in different habitats, altitudes and harbor a great diversity of species. This family is important to keep the ecosystem in balance, in addition to presenting economic potential, especially in the North Region. This research was developed in the Ipaupixuna village, Munduruku Indigenous Territory of Planalto Santareno, municipality of Santarém, with the objective of analyzing the spatialization of arecaceae species in different topographic gradients, slopes and response to water stress in the Ipaupixuna Village. To achieve the proposed objective, the following methodology was used: mapping of arecaceae in the field, acquisition of field transfer data, acquisition of slope values through MDE (SRTM mission), classification of slope according to the standard by Lepsch et al. (1983), application of the Shannon-Wiener test and application of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index – NDVI. 135 individuals were sampled, belonging to 10 species of arecaceae, namely: Açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.), Babaçu (Attalea speciosa Mart. ex Expreng), Bacaba (Oenocarpus bacaba Mart), Tucumã (Astrocaryum aculeatum G. Mey), Buruti (Mauritia flexuosa), Pupunha (Bactris gasipaes Kunth), Inajá (Attalea maripa (Aubl.) Mart.), Caranã (Mauritia flexuosa L.f.; Mauritiella armata (Mart.) Burret.), Patauá (Oenocarpus bataua Mart.) and Mucajá (Acrocomia aculeata Jacq. Lodd ex Mart.). In the present study, a greater diversity of Arecaceae species was observed in lower topographies (0 to 24 meters) (7 species), explained by the greater amount of water in the soil in the Floodplain. The moderately undulating relief had the highest number of species (9), indicating that its environmental conditions favor the development and dispersion of arecaceae species. The NDVI shows that in the study area the values are lower during the Amazonian summer, mainly where the relief is flat in the portion with the highest topography, indicating water stress. In the rainy season, it was possible to generally observe higher NDVI values for the entire study area. Given the above, it can be concluded that the different topographic levels, slopes and water availability affect the variation in species composition due to their different responses to the heterogeneous forest environment. In this sense, it is worth emphasizing the importance of these áreas for future studies regarding aspects of conservation of land use, in view of the value of the species in the source of income in the food and potential medicinal sectors of the arecaceae, mainly the importance socioeconomic for traditional populations.