Análisedebioindicadoresdosoloemsistemadecultivodegrãos(sojaemilho),nos municípios de Santarém, Mojuí dos Campos e Belterra, PA.

Abstract

The objective of this work was to analyze the biological indicators of the soil in areas of graincrops, soybeans and corn in the region of Santarém, Mojuí dos Campos and Belterra Pará, demonstrating the importance of microorganisms for the management and health of the soil in areas of agricultural production. The analyses were developed using the BioAS technology, developed by EMBRAPA Cerrado, according to which, through enzyme activity, it is possible to access the soil memory associated with the non-living fractionaccumulated in the protected soil through absorption in clayparticles and organic matter. Soil samples were collected in four areas: Tapajós National Forest - FLONA - (veryclayeytexture), Novo Horizonte Farm (veryclayeytexture) and two areas at Texa Farm (clayey and medium clayeytexture). Samples were collected at depths of 0 to 10 and 10 to 20 cm at the end of the rainy season in the region. The samples were packed in identifiedplastic bags and sent to the EMBRAPA Amazônia Oriental Laboratory, in Belém, where the enzymaticanalyses of Arylsulfatase and β-glucosidase were performed by the colorimetric determination method of p-nitrophenol and reading in a spectrophotometer at 410 and 420 nm. The obtained data were submitted to descriptivestatistics, analysis of variance (p<0.05) and Tukey's test (p<0.05), SISVAR statistical software and Multivariate Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was performed using R Software. The activity of β-glucosidaseenzyme was significantly higher in the Novo Horizonte Farm area, beingfavored by the no-tillage practice and annualincrement of organic matter, and the activity of Arylsulfatase was higher in the FLONA area, stimulated by the constantdeposition of organic matter from the forest. Studies are needed to elucidate the low activity of β-glucosidase in the FLONA area.