A proposta de uma sequência didática para o ensino de física baseado na cultura maker: a construção de mini placas solares

Abstract

This study aims to present how the maker culture can assist in the teaching-learning process of students, about the knowledge of Physics aimed at teaching in the classroom, being linked to observation and experimentation activities aimed at the construction of a mini solar panel. The maker culture comes as a very efficient methodological approach to teaching practices, and can become an important pedagogical instrument to help the subject in a twenty-first century environment, considering the school as an institution of teaching and learning, through academic school pedagogical practices, also needing to rebuild the new social models that are attributed. In this aspect, applying this approach in the teaching of Physics enables autonomy, construction of learning and the development of knowledge in a practical way for students. The study was carried out in the municipality of Santarém in a state high school for students in the third grade of high school. That said, it is relevant to consider the role of Physics teaching based on the maker culture, talents, empirical knowledge of students, through class observation, which study should define the basic skills for the formation of these students, being that they can ask good questions, mention technological objects, model processes and systems, decompose complex problems into smaller problems, visualize solutions and create ideas, in addition to the experimentation activities prioritized the students' autonomy to solve everyday problems. Thus, the research wants to highlight the relationship between the maker culture and the students' school knowledge, tracing the understanding of the photoelectric effect, for example, building with the class the mental map about the nuclear reaction and formation of chemical elements, energy release, electron radiation, semiconductor materials, doping junction p n photovoltaic effect, electromagnetic field, energy and dimensioning of residential consumption of electricity, analyzing the colloquial knowledge of students about these concepts and through this build the intended learning. In this way, the educational product is presented and aims to promote the didactic sequence of theoretical and practical classes aimed at high school Physics teachers, who aim to work dynamically and creatively with students, understanding the importance of solar energy as an inexhaustible, sustainable source of energy.