Flora de interesse meliponícola de quintais urbanos em Belterra, Pará

Abstract

Urban backyards form an important strategy for the conservation of biodiversity, the production of food for consumption and income generation. The objective of this work was to carry out a survey of plant species in five urban backyards with potential for the creation of stingless bees in Belterra-PA. The selection of backyards was made randomly by receptivity by residents. For the botanical survey, observations were made in each property considering its entire extension considering the individuals; trees and shrubs. For data analysis, a list of species was constructed with the information obtained through the botanical survey, then the data were processed in the Excel for Windows program. Of the interviewed owners, two (2) are women and three (3) are men. Regarding education, two (2) have completed higher education, one (1) has completed basic education and one (1). The botanical survey recorded 549 individuals, distributed in 27 botanical families, 56 genera and 69 species, ranging from 14 to 40 species per yard, of the total species identified, 59% are native and 41% exotic. The families that stood out the most were Fabaceae (7), Bignoniaceae (6), Myrtaceae (5), Anarcadiaceae (5) for having the highest number of species. Mangifera indica (mango) was the only species that appeared in 100% of the visited backyards. Theobroma grandiflorum – (114), Byrsonima crassifolia – (50), Bactris gasipaes – (48), Oenocarpus Bacaba – (45) species had the highest numbers of individuals. When considering the use of plants, four categories of use were defined: Fruit with 38 species (55%), ornamental with 15 species (22%), medicinal with 13 (19%) and wood with only 3 species (4%). In relation to the life habits of these plants, 61 are arboreal and 8 shrubs. Based on the literature, of the total number of species identified, 95% had honey potential, with emphasis on the arboreal habit with 59 species.