Hemoparasitas de interesse em saúde pública e identificação de parasitas intestinais em rattus sp. no município de Santarém, Pará

Abstract

This work is divided into three chapters written in the format of scientific articles. The first consists of a scientometric study, with the objective of profiling the articles published on zoonoses transmitted by rats (Ratus sp.). A search for publications was carried out in the scientific databases: WEB OF SCIENCE and SCIELO, using different combinations of names related to the theme, “Health AND Zoonoses AND Rats”. Studies corresponding to the years 2015 to 2020 were considered. The articles obtained were analyzed and grouped according to the number of publications per year, list of journals, main authors, subjects addressed, country with the highest publication rate, main species of rats studied and the qualis of the journals. As a result, it was noted that there is a moderate amount of research on rat-borne zoonoses worldwide. However, it is noticeable that these studies are increasing when comparing the years 2015 to 2020 with a gradual increase over the years. Among the countries with the highest number of publications, the United States and Brazil stand out. The second article aimed to verify and identify the occurrence of gastrointestinal helminths in rattus sp. The survey was carried out from July to September 2022 at points in the city of Santarém where the presence of rattus sp. synanthropic effects can be evidenced, namely in “Mercadão 2000”, “Feira da Candilha”, Bosque da Cidade, UFOPA Campus Tapajós area and the peripheral area of ZooUnama. For this, 4 collections were carried out in each month of the maximum number of specimens of rattus sp. possible, regardless of species, sex, age and reproductive stage. Then the mice were removed from the traps directly with a gloved hand. Subsequently, they were placed in cages and taken to the laboratory, where they were sacrificed for screening, identification and blood collection. The animals were euthanized with an overdose of lidocaine, as recommended by the National Council for the Control of Animal Experimentation (CONCEA). The animals were necropsied in locu and then the intestine of feces samples was collected, aiming at the identification of intestinal parasites through the technique of spontaneous sedimentation. Data were statistically analyzed to verify the absolute and relative frequency. Thus, it was noted that Ancylostoma spp. was the most commonly observed species, being present in 57.89% of the samples, followed by Enterobius spp and Hymenolepis spp, both with 18.75% each. It was possible to observe the presence of Ancylostoma spp. in 53.33% (8/15) of the evaluated stool samples. When analyzing stool samples from Ratus ssp. it was observed that 86.66% (13/15) of the samples tested positive for at least one gastrointestinal parasite. Therefore, the findings evidenced in this study indicate that synanthropic rodents present in the municipality of Santarém are parasitized by different species of gastrointestinal 9 worms with zoonotic potential. The third chapter aimed to identify possible hemoparasites of interest in public health through the blood smear of ratus spp. The research was carried out from July to September 2022. As a result, the presence of Dirofilaria spp., Leishmania sp., Babesia sp., Anaplasma sp., and Erlichia sp., in rattus sp., was not identified. synanthropes in the municipality of Santarém, Pará, Brazil.