Análise dos impactos socioambientais na área de proteção ambiental do Juá, Santarém-Pará

Abstract

Rapid population growth has led to many discussions on how to harmonize urban sprawl and environmental protection. Thus, the present study aimed to analyze the main social and environmental impacts in the Environmental Protection Area (APA) of Juá. The study area is located 9 kilometers from the urban center of the municipality of Santarém-PA in a region considered urban expansion. In order to identify and evaluate the social and environmental impacts in the area, a field study was carried out applying the "control list" identification method and a questionnaire with closed questions. The main environmental impacts identified were silting, water and soil pollution and loss of biodiversity through the reduction of fish species. One of the most important activities for the local population is fishing, which has a traditional character and presents characteristics of family and subsistence, and thus the main social impacts observed are income impaired and the effects of exposure to pollution on resources. The main factor responsible for the degradation of the environment and impairment of the local population's quality of life is the urban expansion, the lack and / or inefficiency of the urban planning and the intentional relaxation of the environmental legislation that allowed the implantation of large enterprises without meet the legal requirements and irregular occupation of the area. In view of this, we can see the importance of complying with environmental legislation and public housing policies and urban planning to harmonize population growth and the preservation of natural resources.