Análise das abordagens sobre resíduos gerados por piscicultura

Abstract

Aquaculture is considered an environment-modifying activity, since it requires a high intake of nutrients, energy and medicines for its maintenance. The generated wastes need to be removed from the environment and treated, so that when discarded they do not provide the proliferation of aquatic organisms harmful to fish and the environment. This review aims to evaluate the types of residues produced by fish farming, taking into account the provisions of environmental legislation and effective treatment methods that provide protection to the environment and serve as a scenario for fish production. Through a review of articles, books and periodicals present in the Library of the Federal University of the West of Pará - Campus Tapajós and works obtained through researches in the Scielo platform and CAPES journals, it was possible to verify that the residues generated by fish farming are characterized mainly by the accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus and organic matter in the sediments, which, if not controlled, can cause eutrophication, reduction or alteration of biodiversity in the environment. Fish farms were classified as Class II waste, not inert because they have characteristics such as biodegradability, combustibility or water solubility. The types of treatment addressed were Electrocoagulation and the use of biofilter as the treatment of effluents with aquatic macrophytes. Further study is needed on the waste generated within the environment of the fish production activity, on the medicines administered in the treatment of animals, and on the treatment and disposal of common residues such as packaging plastics, bags and other commonly used devices in fish farming.