As noções do termo erro para os estudos linguísticos e suas implicações ao ensino de língua portuguesa.

Abstract

This research aims to investigate the understanding of error for the science of language. Although we seek the understanding of our object in contemporary linguistics, we highlight the need we had to analyze the question of error in two traditional grammars and three pedagogical grammars. Given the analysis of grammars Cunha and Cintra (1985), Rocha Lima (1985) and Sacconi manuals (1988), of Cegalla (1998) and Almeida (2005), we find a defense of correct language, and in most the works, the literary model as exemplary language, one to be followed and respected. The idea that traditional grammar is concerned almost exclusively with literary language is proven in the arguments of linguists as Faraco (2008), Snow (2008), Britto (1997a) - when these authors conceive the traditional grammar as a set of standards correction established from the writing of the greatest literary writers. As a result of semantic and conceptual relationship that the terms "appropriate” and “inappropriate”, “grammatical” and “ungrammatical” and “deviation" have with the notion of error, we also make an approach about what we have called the "theory of adaptation." With the advent of sociolinguistics, around the 1960s, Dell Hymes, an American sociolinguist, proposed the concept of communicative competence in 1966. The theory of adequacy tells us that different linguistic uses are seen as relative to the circumstances of use, hence the idea of relativization of linguistic phenomena, thus contrasting with the absolute notion of language or the terms "right and wrong" postulated Traditional and pedagogical grammars. For the understanding of the object itself, our research was based on the production of Brazilian linguists dealing with the theme, setting, so a bibliographic work. The discussion about the error occurs almost exclusively in scientific productions Sociolinguists; in general, scholars understand the error as a social fact, according to assail the foundations of the adequacy of language as communicative context; on the concept of adequacy, sociolinguistics rejects the traditional notion of error and replaces, according Bortoni-Ricardo (2006), the word error for suitability / unsuitability; Bortoni-Ricardo (2006) makes the distinction, considering the language of forms: the spoken language, we can talk about adequacy of linguistic variety and written language, we speak in grammatical error due to failure to follow standard procedure rules. This thesis confirms a proposal of teaching that considers language from its social uses.