Sustentabilidade das compras públicas: avaliação físico-financeira das aquisições para alimentação escolar em três municípios da Amazônia Paraense, Brasil (2021- 2023).

Abstract

This dissertation deals with sustainable public purchasing and local development based on the study of the physical-financial execution of food purchases for school meals, with an emphasis on the National School Meal Program (Pnae). This program stands out among public local development policies by decentralizing resources and providing a minimum percentage for purchasing food directly from family farming, encouraging healthy eating in school environments, sustainable development, and the commercialization of food produced by local family farming. The main objective of this research was to analyze the execution of public purchases for school meals carried out by the city halls of the municipalities of Rurópolis, Placas and Uruará in the state of Pará from 2021 to 2023. References to public procurement, sustainability, and local development constitute the theoretical and conceptual basis for analyzing the results. The research had an explanatory nature with a quantitative approach to data collected through documentary research, consultation with a secondary database and bibliographic review. The documentary research was carried out based on the analysis of the following documents researched from 2021 to 2023: a) Public Call; b) Electronic auctions held to purchase school meals; c) Accountability reports, obtained through the municipalities' Transparency Portal and the National Education Development Fund (FNDE) and through the Online Accountability System (SIGPC). The data generated were crossed and complemented with other sources from official government websites, such as the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply (Mapa), and the Ministry of Agrarian Development (MDA). The variables researched were as follows: (I) Number of Farmers with an Aptitude Document (DAP) for Pronaf (Family Farming Strengthening Program) active in the municipality; (II) Number of Farmers participating in Public Calls; (III) Annual FNDE transfer to municipalities to purchase school meals through Pnae; (IV) Municipal budget to supplement school meals; (V) Types and values of food purchased with Pnae resources and with supplementation from municipalities; (VI) Place of origin and type of companies participating in electronic auctions for the supply of school meals. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and minimum, maximum, average, and percentages. The study pointed out that the Pnae has been contributing to the local development of the regions where the analyzed municipalities are located by boosting the economy, enhancing food production, and encouraging healthy eating. However, the results revealed an instability in the percentage of food purchases from family farming. Regarding acquisitions carried out through an electronic auction, although there were contracts with suppliers outside the bidding municipalities, acquisitions were carried out with local suppliers or suppliers from neighboring municipalities. In relation to the types of food purchased with Pnae resources and with the municipality's own resources, it was evident that the municipalities are making purchases in accordance with legal parameters, even when it involves the municipality's own resources. With this in mind, it can be said that Pnae’s public policy effectively contributes to the provision of healthy food to schoolchildren by structuring at the municipal level of the food production and purchasing system around public purchases, favoring commercial relations associated with sustainable practices.