Tratamento de esgotos domésticos em sistemas biológicos utilizando reator de manta de lodo (UASB) e filtro biológico percolador (FBP)

Abstract

The processes of removal of biodegradable organic matter through are the most viable alternative for the reduction of nutrients present in the sanitary sewage, as these processes have a history of high utilization and efficiency. The combination of anaerobic-aerobic systems presents itself as a very promising for the removal of organic material and nutrients, and under favorable conditions, this combination offers great advantages when compared to activated sludge systems because they produce good quality effluents and considerably reduced. Therefore, the present research seeks to treat sewage by the combination of the UASB reactor followed by percolating biological filter, with the purpose of removing physical and chemical pollutants and producing appropriate conditions for launching and reusing, as well as minimizing waste generated in the treatment. The experimental systems were built on bench scale, for the reactor UASB the useful volume was 3,357L, with upward flow, operating in batch regime with 8 hour TDH, treating approximately 10L of sewage per day. The FBP useful volume of 6.34L, arranged with 3 distinct layers, two of gravel and one of sand washed, treating approximately 6L of sewage per day. It has been found that the treatment of wastewater using UASB reactors followed by percolating biological filters was satisfactory, because according to the results obtained in this research, the filter can promote additional removals of organic matter as well as nitrogen compounds. In this way, systems can be a very promising alternative to the wastewater treatment process, since the objectives proposed in the present study as well as compact and cost-effective deployment and operation.