Políticas públicas e agricultura familiar: caminhos para o desenvolvimento sustentável em um assentamento da reforma agrária na Amazônia Brasileira

Abstract

Sustainable family farming has stood out over the years as an essential category for food security and dynamism of the world economy. In this regard, the development of this thesis has the general objective: Evaluate public policies in the scope of family farming in the light of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), in an Agrarian Reform settlement in the municipality of Alenquer, Pará, Brazil; and, as specific objectives: i) Conduct a systematic review of the literature on public policies and sustainability for family farming in the world; ii) Highlight the challenges and perspectives of the Food Acquisition Program (FAP) for family farming in the Lower Amazon; iii) Assess the economic viability of agroforestry systems within the scope of family farming in the Sustainable Development Project (SDP) – Paraíso; and, iv) Identify alternatives for evaluating public policies and sustainability efficiency in family farming production. Methodologically, a literature review was carried out, whose information was compiled in electronic Microsoft Excel® spreadsheets and processed in the Iramuteq® software; as well as secondary data from government sites and scientific literature were consulted to analyze the panorama of institutional markets in the Lower Amazon region - LA. To obtain economic data, revenues, costs, profit/loss, payback, Net Present Value (NPV), Equivalent Annual Value (EAV), and Internal Rate of Return (IRR) were calculated in Agroforestry Systems (AS) during five years. Further, public policies and sustainability efficiency in family farming production chains were identified through a case study in the Sustainable Development Project (SDP) – Paraíso, Alenquer, Pará, Brazil. From the analysis of 118 articles, it was observed that studies on “public policies and sustainability in the context of family farming in the world” are published in almost all continents, in 44 different areas, with Brazil being the largest field of research (55 studies) and USA with (13 studies). Regarding institutional markets, it was found that of the thirteen municipalities that make up the LAM, only six carried out any activity related to the Food Acquisition Program (FAP), through the intermediation of public bodies. In the economic evaluation of the SAFs, the indicators showed that the production of cassava flour and the extraction of cumaru (Dipteryx odorata) simultaneously, present economic viability, high profitability, and recovery of the invested amount in less than 8 months. Then, the fourth chapter, identified through comparative analysis, some of the Brazilian indicators for the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG Brazil) that impact the settlement and showed the relative efficiency in sustainability. Therefore, it was observed that all SDP – Paraíso indices are below the regional (north) or state (Pará) average, and only 20.37% of the families of agroextractivists present relative efficiency in sustainability. 11 Therefore, from the achievement of this thesis, it is expected to contribute with public agents and family farmers, in the discussions for the formulation and evaluation of public policies for family agriculture, since it represents a strategic sector for food security, well-being. social welfare and economic development of the country, especially in the Amazon.