Terra Cabana – análise da utilização de metodologias autocompositivas em um conflito agrário e fundiário no município de Benevides, estado do Pará

Abstract

“Terra Cabana” is a judicialized case of collective conflict that involves the dispute of an area in the municipality of Benevides, state of Pará, where a private company claims the possession of an area occupied by several families identified with the Landless Workers’ Movement (MST) and by other groups that prefer not to adopt this identity, who are responsible for the Nelson Mandela I, II and III occupations, which reveals a heterogeneity of actors and legal and social elements interesting to understand the dynamics of conflicts in the Amazon. The research led to a dive into the legal-procedural and sociological aspects of the conflict studied, particularly with regard to the use of mediation strategies by a judicial unit of the Pará’s Justice Court that received the designation to carry out an intervention based on principles and methodologies of mediation in the face of the challenges and complexity faced in the case, which had even been referred to the National Human Rights Commission of Brazil. The investigation provided the understanding of the methodological paths that marked the treatment of the conflict, which counted with the participation of all the actors involved and others who were called to collaborate with the search for creative and consensual solutions to the case. The general objective of this dissertation is to analyze the theoretical-methodological path of selfcomposition used in the Terra Cabana case, which contributed to the development of several other interventions in conflicts of the same nature. Among other things, it aimed to understand whether self-compositional approaches, such as the one used to deal with the case, can contribute to reducing the inequality of forces between the actors involved in socioenvironmental, agrarian and land conflicts, and how the Judiciary is structured to act in similar cases. The methodology of the research consisted of a review of the existing bibliography on the use of self-compositional means of treatment of collective conflicts, a participant observation of the self-compositional intervention – in which the researcher participated as a member of the team that acted in the mediation of the conflict – and a study of the Terra Cabana case, standing up and analyzing documents related to it. As a result, an evaluation of the lessons learned regarding the use of self-compositional approaches in the Terra Cabana case that are pertinent to interventions in situations of socio-environmental, agrarian and land conflict was developed.